If making your home more energy-efficient is a top priority, one of the best places to start is with insulation. Whether you’re building, remodeling, or just looking to cut down on utility costs, understanding how insulation works — and the different types available — is essential.
In this guide, we’ll break down what insulation does, how it’s measured, and which type might be right for your home based on your climate, budget, and DIY confidence.
What Does Insulation Actually Do?
Insulation reduces the amount of heat that enters your home during the warmer months and prevents heat from escaping during the colder ones. In short, it helps regulate your home’s temperature, making it more comfortable year-round and saving you money on heating and cooling costs.
The effectiveness of insulation is measured by R-value, a rating that determines how resistant a material is to heat flow. The higher the R-value, the more insulating power it offers. But choosing insulation isn’t just about picking the product with the highest number — it’s about selecting the right material for your space and needs.
Start by Evaluating What You Already Have
Before choosing a new insulation system, first inspect what’s already in place — especially in common areas like your attic, above-basement floors, and walls. Many homes have some insulation, but it may be outdated, incomplete, or insufficient for your current needs.
Once you know what you’re working with, use an online R-value calculator to determine your home’s current and recommended R-values based on your climate and goals.
Types of Home Insulation (and When to Use Them)
1. Blown-In Insulation (Loose-Fill)
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Materials: Fiberglass, cellulose, or rock wool
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R-Value: ~R-2.2 (fiberglass) to R-3.8 (cellulose) per inch
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Best For: Attics, irregular-shaped spaces, top-ups over existing insulation
This insulation is installed using a blower machine that sprays the material into the space. It’s great for filling corners and hard-to-reach spots. While it’s a DIY possibility, many homeowners opt to hire a professional.
2. Batt Insulation (Blanket-Style)
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Materials: Fiberglass, cellulose, mineral wool, or natural fibers
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R-Value: R-2.9 to R-4.3 per inch
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Best For: Walls, ceilings, floors in unfinished spaces
These pre-cut or roll-form blankets are cost-effective and easy to install between joists and studs. Fiberglass is the most common, but it can irritate the skin and lungs, so always wear protective gear if you’re handling it yourself.
3. Spray Foam Insulation
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Materials: Polyurethane or latex foam
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R-Value: ~R-3.7 (open-cell) to R-6.2 (closed-cell) per inch
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Best For: Small gaps, crevices, and hard-to-reach cavities
Spray foam expands to fill every gap, making it one of the most airtight and efficient insulation types. Open-cell foam is affordable and good for small jobs, while closed-cell offers higher performance for more complex projects — though it comes at a higher price.
4. Foam Board (Rigid Panel) Insulation
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Materials: Polyurethane, polystyrene, polyisocyanurate
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R-Value: R-4 to R-6.5 depending on thickness
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Best For: Basements, walls, foundations, exterior insulation
These rigid panels offer high insulation value in a slim package. They’re durable and effective for both interior and exterior projects.
5. Radiant Barrier Insulation
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Materials: Reflective foil over kraft paper, foam board, or polyethylene
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R-Value: Not measured traditionally
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Best For: Attics and garages in warm climates
Instead of slowing heat flow, radiant barriers reflect it — making them ideal for hot climates. They’re easy to install and work well when combined with other insulation types.
6. Vapor Barrier Insulation
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Materials: Plastic or foil sheeting
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R-Value: Not applicable
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Best For: Humid, cold climates to prevent moisture damage
Even with insulation in place, moisture can reduce its effectiveness. Vapor barriers protect against mold, mildew, and dampness, and are typically installed alongside traditional insulation systems.
Which Insulation Is Right for Your Home?
The best insulation for your home depends on several factors:
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Your current insulation setup
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Climate and weather patterns
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Budget and available resources
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DIY vs. professional installation
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Location within the home (attic, wall, crawl space, etc.)
If you’re unsure where to start, a local insulation contractor can evaluate your home and recommend a solution that maximizes efficiency without overextending your budget.
Final Thoughts
Good insulation is one of the smartest investments you can make in your home. It boosts energy efficiency, improves comfort, and saves money over time. Whether you’re sealing gaps with spray foam or giving your attic a much-needed upgrade with blown-in insulation, the key is to understand your needs and choose the solution that fits your home best.
Have questions about insulation or home energy upgrades? Contact us — we’re happy to help guide your next steps.